Consider this quote regarding one of the large flying boats that were common sights in the skies back in the first half of the twentieth century:
“Not even the jet-liners of today can meet the rigorous luxury standards set forth by the "Clipper." Fashionable staterooms, and an air of opulence to the interior, which included a de-luxe suite and dining saloon.” Sleeping accommodation was available, although on most services passengers slept ashore during the overnight stops.
Gone for Good?
In spite of the enormous area the sea offers for aircraft to alight on, the days of large flying boats appear to be over forever. They've been elbowed out of the sky by jets that touch down alongside comfortable airport terminals with shelter and shops.
Large flying boats may be gone, but tiny ones are thriving. It's as if the flying boat, which began as a small craft (often with no more than a pilot and a passenger) and then evolved into a monster, has finally found its rightful place in the world.
A Little Bit of History
The idea of the flying-boat has never left the imagination of inventors and builders. Even before men could conceive how to fly, the thought of boats that could both sail and fly were dwelt upon. Back in 1670, a Jesuit priest, Francesco de Lana Terzi, drew a model of an aerial ship. Though his model would not have worked in practice it actually laid the ground for the development of hot-air balloons and airships. In the late 19th century, a magazine produced by novelist Frank Reade frequently presented illustrations of imaginatively drawn flying boats on its covers.
But the first flying boat to be worthy of the name was built by Frenchman Henri Fabre. On the 28th of March 1910, he successfully took off from the water and safely "landed" again. The machine's official name was Hydravion, (a combination of the words relating to water and air or flying) but it was nicknamed, Le Canard, the “Duck.” Amazingly, Fabre, who became better know for his work on the floats used on later seaplanes, had never flown before - even as a passenger.
The next pioneer of note in this arena was the American, Glenn Curtiss. Curtiss was to spend a lifetime experimenting with flying boats, and made constant improvements to his inventions. His original hydro aeroplane took off less than a year after Fabre's, on the 26th January, 1911, but not content with that success, he made improvements and flew his hydro aeroplane out to the cruiser USS Pennsylvania where it was moored on the San Diego harbour, alighted beside her, paid the crew a courtesy visit, and flew home again. The Navy was so impressed they placed an order for their first floatplane soon after. By 1912, Curtiss had so improved his plane that wealthy sportsmen, as well as the US Army and Navy all purchased versions of it.
Meanwhile in Britain, a Mr Wakefield of Blackpool, concerned for some time that planes landing on the ground were often damaged, reasoned that planes landing on water would be less liable to injury. He was scoffed at, but pursued his theory when he heard of Curtiss' work, and in 1912 he produced the Water Hen, which flew daily throughout that year without mishap.
For the next few decades, until the 1950s, flying boats were as common as planes that landed on the earth. They were used extensively in the First World War, having the advantage of being able to use a convenient piece of water as a "landing strip." This meant that flying boats could depart off the coast of England, for instance, rather than from an inland airfield, thus saving fuel.
In the 1930s, the flying boat became the luxury passenger craft. (In fact the world's first passenger service used a Benoist flying boat, carrying one passenger between St Petersburg and Tampa in the USA, over a period of several months, at the rate of $5 a trip.) Flying boats became bigger and bigger: people could walk round comfortably on them, sleep on them, and generally behave as if they were at some classy hotel.
Furthermore, in the Second World War, they also played a significant part. The largest plane ever built, Howard Hughes' HK-1 (or "Spruce Goose") was produced as a war machine. Unfortunately, in spite of the enormous expense of building her, she flew no more than a mile in her lifetime. She lifted 70 feet off the water, at a top speed of 80 miles per hour, and then made a perfect landing. Now she resides in the Michael King Smith Evergreen Aviation Educational Center in Oregon.
The End of One Era, The Beginning of Another
Soon after the Second World War, the age of large flying boats was superseded by the age of ground-landing planes. The number of operational flying boats dwindled over the next several decades until they became a thing that the current generation knows nothing about.
