Cuba's geographical significance as the largest island in the Caribbean is boosted by its near isolation ecologically. It's biological diversity is unmatched anywhere on earth. In addition to the expected unique species due to the isolation, climate and diversity of ecosystems, Cuba has some additional characteristics which mean that flora and fauna found only in Cuba are numerous.
Overall, Cuba is one of the most diverse sites biologically on earth. In addition, many of the foundation rocks of the island are toxic to plants. This means that a plant species to survive had to adapt to the harsh environs. Dozens of species of unique plants grow on surfaces which are known to be too toxic to support life.
ALEJANDRO DE HUMBOLDT NATIONAL PARK
The complex topography and varied geology has created a diverse set of species and ecosystems which is not found anywhere else in the Caribbean. Further, this tropical island is one of the most biologically diverse on earth. Within the park are numerous new species and conservation efforts for endemic flora is of high importance. In addition, a high number of vertebrates and invertebrates are endemic to the park as well as to the entire island of Cuba. This makes the Park a biologist and naturalist's dream site.
DIVING
The same features such as those in the seas surrounding the Bahamas and other West Indies and Grand Cayman make the waters surrounding the Caribbean reef systems likely to become more and more desirable as a diver and snorkelers paradise. Especially in the area to the south of Cuba such as Jardines de la Reina the reef systems are large and in a great state of preservation. The existence of spiny lobsters, coral fish populations, four species of sea turtles and of course the shy manatees will continue to be a draw to diving enthusiasts. The Guanahacabibes Peninsula has been named a biosphere preserve includes nearly forty sites where world class diving can be enjoyed, including a black coral colony.
VALLEY OF VIÑALES
This area is popular internationally and at the end of the last decade was declared as a world cultural heritage site by UNESCO. It's also a national monument. The land is fertile and surrounded by pin-cushion shaped hills. The entire valley is an outstanding example of karst formations with limestone sinks, ravines and underground streams. One of the most extensive cave systems in Latin America is found here with some of the underground rivers navigable by boat.
The Indian's Cave is famous, as is the healing value of San Diego de los Baños. Hundreds of individuals come here to soak in the warm mineral springs and mud.
SOROA
Two attractions found in the Rosario Mountains within 45 miles of Havana are the Soroa Waterfall falling 72 feet. Travel by foot and by horseback in the area adds to the enjoyment of viewing the scenery at a leisurely pace. A second attraction in this area is the orchid garden. Here you can find species from all over the globe.
